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Related Concept Videos

Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Persistent Human Papillomavirus Infection.

Ashley N Della Fera1, Alix Warburton1, Tami L Coursey1

  • 1Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 209892, USA.

Viruses
|March 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection drives cancer by maintaining viral DNA in basal cells and amplifying it in differentiated cells. Viral proteins E1, E2, E5, E6, and E7 manipulate cellular processes, increasing cancer risk.

Keywords:
HPVcancerepitheliumextrachromosomal replicationimmune evasionlatencypapillomaviruspersistencetethering

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Persistent oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes approximately 5% of human cancers.
  • HPV establishes long-term infections in stratified epithelia by maintaining viral DNA as extrachromosomal plasmids in basal cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms of HPV DNA replication and maintenance within host cells.
  • To understand the role of viral proteins in immune evasion and cellular environment manipulation.
  • To explore the link between HPV-induced cellular changes and carcinogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of HPV DNA replication and maintenance in stratified epithelia.
  • Investigation of the functions of viral E1, E2, E5, E6, and E7 proteins.
  • Assessment of cellular proliferation and differentiation alterations during HPV infection.

Main Results:

  • Viral DNA is replicated and maintained as low-copy plasmids in basal cells and amplified in differentiated cells.
  • Viral proteins E1 and E2 initiate and maintain viral DNA replication with cellular machinery.
  • Viral proteins E5, E6, and E7 facilitate immune evasion and support viral DNA replication.

Conclusions:

  • HPV utilizes a complex replication strategy involving viral and cellular factors to persist.
  • Viral protein manipulation of host cell processes creates a carcinogenic environment.
  • Understanding HPV's life cycle is crucial for developing targeted cancer prevention and therapies.