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Biomarker Discovery of Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Proteomic Approach
Miji Shin1, Sang Hyun Park2, Sora Mun1
1Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Korea.
Insights
New protein biomarkers, including hemopexin and vitronectin, show promise for diagnosing acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This proteomic study identified specific protein level changes aiding in more accurate ACS detection.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Proteomics
- Biomarker Discovery
Background:
- Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) presents significant mortality and morbidity risks.
- Prompt diagnosis of ACS is crucial due to abnormal blood supply from coronary artery infarction.
- There is a critical need for novel diagnostic biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity for ACS.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and validate novel protein biomarkers for the accurate diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
- To utilize a proteomic approach for discovering proteins differentially expressed in ACS patients compared to healthy controls.
Main Methods:
- Proteomic analysis using mass spectrometry on serum samples from ACS patients and healthy controls (discovery set).
- Selection of differentially expressed proteins based on statistical significance.
- Functional analysis to confirm protein relevance to ACS pathology.
- Validation of candidate biomarkers (hemopexin, leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein, vitronectin, fibronectin) in an independent patient cohort.
Main Results:
- Hemopexin, leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein, and vitronectin levels were found to be significantly upregulated in ACS patients.
- Fibronectin levels were significantly downregulated in patients with ACS.
- These identified proteins demonstrated potential as diagnostic markers for ACS.
Conclusions:
- Hemopexin, leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein, and vitronectin can serve as potential biomarkers for improving the accuracy of acute coronary syndrome diagnosis.
- Downregulation of fibronectin also contributes to the panel of potential ACS biomarkers.
- The findings support the clinical utility of these proteomic markers in ACS diagnostics.
Abstract:
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a condition in which the coronary artery supplying blood to the heart is infarcted via formation of a plaque and thrombus, resulting in abnormal blood supply and high mortality and morbidity. Therefore, the prompt and efficient diagnosis of ACS and the need for new ACS diagnostic biomarkers are important. In this study, we aimed to identify new ACS diagnostic biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity using a proteomic approach. A discovery set with samples from 20 patients with ACS and 20 healthy controls was analyzed using mass spectrometry. Among the proteins identified, those showing a significant difference between each group were selected. Functional analysis of these proteins was conducted to confirm their association with functions in the diseased state. To determine ACS diagnostic biomarkers, standard peptides of the selected protein candidates from the discovery set were quantified, and these protein candidates were validated in a validation set consisting of the sera of 50 patients with ACS and 50 healthy controls. We showed that hemopexin, leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein, and vitronectin levels were upregulated, whereas fibronectin level was downregulated, in patients with ACS. Thus, the use of these biomarkers may increase the accuracy of ACS diagnosis.
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