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Geospatial Analysis of COVID-19: A Scoping Review
Munazza Fatima1, Kara J O'Keefe2, Wenjia Wei2
1Department of Geography, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan.
Summary
Geospatial techniques like mapping and modeling aided COVID-19 pattern detection. Further research with fine-scaled data is needed globally, especially outside Asia and the Americas.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
- Public Health
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, highlighted the need for advanced analytical methods.
- Geospatial techniques have proven valuable for understanding disease distribution and patterns.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize geospatial techniques and findings related to COVID-19's geographic, environmental, and socio-demographic characteristics.
- To identify trends, research gaps, and limitations in the application of spatial analysis for COVID-19.
Main Methods:
- Systematic scoping review following PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
- Literature search on PubMed for studies on COVID-19 and geospatial analysis.
- Categorization of findings into disease mapping, exposure mapping, and spatial epidemiological modeling.
Main Results:
- Most studies were ecological, focusing on China, Brazil, and the USA.
- Common methods included clustering, hotspot analysis, space-time scan statistics, and regression modeling.
- Data limitations (unavailability, bias, lack of fine-scaled demographic/environmental data) hindered causal relationship exploration.
Conclusions:
- Geospatial analysis is crucial for COVID-19 research, revealing disease patterns.
- Current research is concentrated in Asia and the Americas.
- There is a need for more spatially explicit studies with fine-scaled data in underrepresented global regions.
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