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Updated: Nov 15, 2025

MicroRNA Based Liquid Biopsy: The Experience of the Plasma miRNA Signature Classifier MSC for Lung Cancer Screening
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Microbiota Biomarkers for Lung Cancer.

Qixin Leng1, Van K Holden2, Janaki Deepak2

  • 1Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 10 S. Pine St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microbiome analysis in sputum shows promise for early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) detection. Specific bacteria like Acidovorax and Veillonella can identify NSCLC subtypes, aiding in early diagnosis and classification.

Keywords:
bacteriabiomarkerslung cancermicrobiomesputum

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Oncology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality.
  • Microorganisms are increasingly implicated in lung tumorigenesis.
  • Early detection of NSCLC is crucial for reducing mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential of the lung microbiome as biomarkers for early NSCLC detection.
  • To identify specific bacterial genera associated with NSCLC in tissues and sputum.
  • To assess the diagnostic and classification value of sputum-based microbiome biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Droplet digital PCR was used to analyze 25 NSCLC-associated bacterial genera.
  • Samples included lung tumor tissues, paired noncancerous tissues, and sputum from NSCLC patients and cancer-free controls.
  • Biomarker panels were developed and validated in independent cohorts.

Main Results:

  • Four bacterial genera showed altered abundance in lung tumors, and five in sputum of NSCLC patients.
  • A sputum biomarker panel (Acidovorax and Veillonella) diagnosed lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with 80% sensitivity and 89% specificity.
  • Capnocytophaga identified lung adenocarcinoma (AC) with 72% sensitivity and 85% specificity.
  • Acidovorax distinguished between SCC and AC with 63% sensitivity and 96% specificity.

Conclusions:

  • The sputum microbiome may serve as a noninvasive source for early NSCLC detection biomarkers.
  • Microbiome-based biomarkers can aid in classifying major NSCLC subtypes.
  • Further validation supports the diagnostic potential of sputum microbiome analysis for NSCLC.