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Genetics and Epigenetics in Asthma.
Polyxeni Ntontsi1, Andreas Photiades1, Eleftherios Zervas1
17th Respiratory Medicine Department and Asthma Center, Athens Chest Hospital "Sotiria", 11527 Athens, Greece.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 6, 2021
Summary
Asthma genetics and epigenetics research identifies key genes and DNA methylation patterns influencing disease risk. Understanding these factors improves prediction and potential treatments for this common respiratory condition.
Area of Science:
- Respiratory Medicine
- Genetics
- Epigenetics
Background:
- Asthma is a prevalent global respiratory disease with complex, poorly understood mechanisms.
- Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic markers linked to asthma susceptibility.
- Recent research highlights epigenetics, particularly DNA methylation, as crucial in asthma pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review advancements in genetic and epigenetic factors influencing asthma susceptibility.
- To summarize findings on gene markers and epigenetic mechanisms in asthma.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent scientific literature on asthma genetics and epigenetics.
- Analysis of findings from genome-wide association studies (GWAS).
- Examination of epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA alterations.
Main Results:
- GWAS identified susceptibility loci near ORMDL3/GSDMB for childhood asthma.
- SNPs in IL33 and IL1RL1 are associated with atopic asthma.
- Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) gene shows protective effects against TH2-asthma.
- DNA methylation patterns are tissue-specific and play a role in asthma-related lung functions.
Conclusions:
- Genetic and epigenetic factors significantly contribute to asthma susceptibility and heterogeneity.
- Epigenetic mechanisms, especially DNA methylation, offer new avenues for understanding and potentially treating asthma.
- Further research into cell-specific epigenetic patterns is crucial for decoding asthma's complexity.
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