Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 15, 2025
08:27
Synthesis and Characterization of mRNA-Loaded PolyBeta Aminoesters Nanoparticles for Vaccination Purposes
Published on: August 13, 2021
4.8K
Nucleoside-modified messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccine platform
1Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplantation, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Journal of Medical Virology
|March 6, 2021
Summary
The COVID-19 pandemic spurred vaccine development, with messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines emerging as a promising technology. These advanced vaccines show potential beyond infectious diseases, including regenerative medicine and cancer therapy, necessitating ongoing safety monitoring.
Area of Science:
- Vaccinology
- Molecular Biology
- Pharmacovigilance
Background:
- The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020.
- Numerous vaccine development platforms were initiated, including protein subunit, RNA-based, DNA-based, viral vectors, inactivated, live attenuated, and virus-like particles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the diverse vaccine development platforms for COVID-19.
- To highlight nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines as a leading next-generation strategy.
- To underscore the importance of pharmacovigilance for innovative vaccines.
Main Methods:
- Review of various COVID-19 vaccine technology platforms.
- Analysis of emerging trends in vaccine development.
- Discussion of potential applications and safety considerations for mRNA vaccines.
Main Results:
- Multiple vaccine platforms were employed in clinical trials to combat COVID-19.
- Nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines are identified as a highly promising approach.
- These mRNA vaccines offer potential applications in regenerative medicine and cancer therapy.
Conclusions:
- The rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines showcased diverse technological platforms.
- Nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines represent a significant advancement with broad therapeutic potential.
- Rigorous short-term and long-term pharmacovigilance is crucial for all novel vaccine technologies.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Viruses with RNA Genomes
358
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
358
01:23RNA Interference
27.1K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
27.1K
02:30siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs
17.6K
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
17.6K
02:28Leaky Scanning
5.4K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.4K
02:15Experimental RNAi
6.8K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
6.8K
01:25Nucleic Acid Structure
7.9K
The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA...
DNA Structure
DNA...
7.9K