Effects of Bacillus pumilus on growth performance, immunological indicators and gut microbiota of mice

An increasing number of Bacillus strains have been developed for use as animal feed additives. The aim of the current work was to evaluate the impacts of Bacillus pumilus fsznc-09 in growth performance, organs development, blood constituents, genes expression of growth and immune in spleen and microbial communities in jejunum of weanling mice. The results showed that the body weight of mice in BP1 group increased significantly (p < 0.05) after feeding Bacillus pumilus fsznc-09. Compared with control group, the feed conversion ratio of BP1 and BP2 groups showed 13.57% (p < 0.05) and 9.64% improvements, respectively. The lengths of large intestine, small intestine in BP1 group were significantly increased (p < 0.05). While compared with control group, the organ indexes in BP1 and BP2 group did not differ significantly. Compared with control group, the activities of serum total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), lysozyme (LZM) in BP1 group and T-SOD, AKP in BP2 group were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Compared with control group, the expressions of ghrelin-2 (Ghrl-2) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1) in BP1 group were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Compared with control group, the expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitric oxide synthase (INOS), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in BP1 group and the expressions of IL-6, INOS, TNF-α, IL-1β and interferon alpha 11 (Ifna11) in BP2 group were slightly decreased. Moreover, compared with control group, the diversity of intestinal flora and relative abundance of potentially probiotics (e.g., Bifidobacterium, Bacillus) in BP1 and BP2 groups were increased. While compared with control group, the relative abundance of the potentially pathogenic bacterium (e.g., Staphylococcus) was reduced. The relative abundances of dominant species in BP1 (Lactobacillus johnsonii) and BP2 (Lactobacillus reuteri) groups were also higher than control group (Lactobacillus intestinalis). In conclusion, Bacillus pumilus fsznc-09 might improve the growth performance and immunity of mice.