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Mitochondrial Genome Evolution in Pelagophyte Algae.

Shannon J Sibbald1,2, Maggie Lawton1,2, John M Archibald1,2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Genome Biology and Evolution
|March 6, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study sequenced pelagophyte mitochondrial genomes, revealing conserved gene content and unique adaptations in bloom-forming algae like Aureococcus anophagefferens. These findings enhance our understanding of pelagophyte evolution and harmful algal bloom dynamics.

Keywords:
PelagophyceaeStramenopilaevolutionlateral gene transfermitochondrial genome

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Genomics
  • Phycology

Background:

  • Pelagophyceae are marine stramenopile algae significant in harmful algal blooms (HABs).
  • Limited genomic data exists for Pelagophyceae, hindering understanding of their biology and evolution.
  • Key HAB-forming species include Aureoumbra lagunensis and Aureococcus anophagefferens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To sequence and analyze complete mitochondrial genomes of key pelagophyte species.
  • To investigate the genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships within Pelagophyceae.
  • To identify genomic features contributing to the biology of bloom-forming versus non-bloom-forming species.

Main Methods:

  • Nanopore long-read sequencing was employed to obtain complete mitochondrial genomes.
  • Sequencing was performed for Aureoumbra lagunensis, Pelagomonas calceolata, and five strains of Aureococcus anophagefferens.
  • Bioinformatic analysis focused on genome assembly, size, gene content, order, and identification of unique regions or genes.

Main Results:

  • All sequenced pelagophyte mitochondrial genomes assembled into single, circular contigs ranging from 39,376 bp to 55,968 bp.
  • Aureococcus anophagefferens strains showed high genome similarity (99.4-100.0%) and conserved gene content, with a unique region containing DNA adenine and cytosine methyltransferase (dam/dcm) genes, likely acquired via lateral gene transfer.
  • Aureoumbra lagunensis exhibited a distinct mitochondrial genome with a large tandem repeat expansion and lacked specific genes (rps19, glycine tRNA), while Pelagomonas calceolata and Aureococcus anophagefferens contained laterally acquired introns.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides crucial baseline genomic data for Pelagophyceae, particularly bloom-forming species.
  • Mitochondrial genome analysis reveals conserved and unique features, including evidence of lateral gene transfer and genome expansion.
  • These findings contribute to a better understanding of pelagophyte genetic diversity, evolution, and the genomic basis of harmful algal blooms.