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Ultrasensitive detection of micrococcal nuclease activity and Staphylococcus aureus contamination using optical
Somayeh Sahraneshin Samani1, Amir Khojastehnezhad2, Mohammad Ramezani3
1Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Mashhad, Iran.
Abstract:
One of the most common and important pathogenic bacteria is Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) which is known as a foodborne illness all over the world. The detection of micrococcal nuclease (MNase) can act as a unique diagnostic biomarker for the identification of S. aureus. So far, various complex methods have been introduced for the evaluation of S. aureus bacterium. However, they have different limitations such as labor-intensive, inaccurate results and time-consuming procedures. Thus, it is of particular attention to develop fast, easy, simple and more approachable detection methods based on nanotechnology and MNase detection. In this review, recent advances and modern techniques of ultrasensitive biosensors based on quantum dots (QDs), noble metal and magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, and also transfer energy strategy have been discussed for the identification of MNase activity and S. aureus contamination. Besides, advantages and disadvantages of different types of fluorescent, phosphorescent and colorimetric biosensors have been discussed.
Insights
This review highlights advanced nanotechnology-based biosensors for detecting Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) using micrococcal nuclease (MNase) as a biomarker. These novel methods offer faster, simpler, and more accurate detection compared to traditional techniques.
Area of Science:
- Nanotechnology and Biosensor Development
- Foodborne Pathogen Detection
- Biomarker Analysis
Background:
- Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a prevalent foodborne pathogen globally.
- Micrococcal nuclease (MNase) serves as a specific biomarker for S. aureus identification.
- Existing detection methods are often labor-intensive, time-consuming, and inaccurate.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in ultrasensitive biosensors for S. aureus detection.
- To explore nanotechnology-based approaches for rapid and accurate MNase identification.
- To discuss the advantages and limitations of various biosensor types.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing nanomaterials such as quantum dots (QDs), noble metal nanoparticles (NPs), magnetic NPs, and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets.
- Employing energy transfer strategies for enhanced detection sensitivity.
- Reviewing fluorescent, phosphorescent, and colorimetric biosensor platforms.
Main Results:
- Nanotechnology-based biosensors demonstrate ultrasensitive detection of MNase activity.
- These methods offer significant improvements in speed, simplicity, and accuracy over conventional techniques.
- Various nanomaterials and detection strategies provide diverse options for S. aureus monitoring.
Conclusions:
- Nanotechnology-based biosensors are highly promising for the rapid and sensitive detection of S. aureus contamination.
- Further development in this area can lead to more approachable and effective diagnostic tools.
- The discussed biosensors offer a viable alternative for addressing the limitations of current S. aureus detection methods.
