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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
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Novel paradigm enables accurate monthly gestational screening to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis and more.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 15, 2025

Obtaining Highly Purified Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts by a Discontinuous Cesium Chloride Gradient
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[Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy: Practical Management].

L Mandelbrot1, F Kieffer2, M Wallon3

  • 1AP-HP hôpital Louis-Mourier service de gynécologie-obstétrique, 178, rue des Renouillers, 92700 Colombes France; Université de Paris, Paris, France; Inserm IAME-U1137, Paris, France; FHU PREMA, Paris, France.

Gynecologie, Obstetrique, Fertilite & Senologie
|March 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Congenital toxoplasmosis is now rare in France due to early treatment for mothers and newborns. The French screening program effectively reduces transmission risks, though expert consultation is vital for complex cases.

Keywords:
AmniocentesisAmniocentèseCongenitalCongénitaleDiagnostic anténatalFetal infectionFetal therapyFoetopathiesGrossesseMother-to-child transmissionPregnancyPrenatal diagnosisProphylaxiePyrimethaminePyriméthamineSpiramycinSpiramycineSulfamidesSulfonamidesToxoplasmoseToxoplasmosisTraitement in uteroTransmission mère-enfant

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Parasitology
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Prenatal Care

Background:

  • Congenital toxoplasmosis incidence has declined in France, attributed to effective screening and timely therapeutic interventions for pregnant women, fetuses, and newborns.
  • The French national program for toxoplasmosis screening and prevention has been re-evaluated and validated, despite observed temporal decreases in incidence.

Framework:

  • Serological diagnosis of maternal toxoplasmosis is generally straightforward, but IgM detection in the first trimester necessitates expert laboratory referral.
  • Prompt referral of pregnant women with confirmed seroconversion to specialized centers is crucial for management decisions regarding treatment and antenatal diagnosis.

Implementation:

  • Prophylactic prenatal treatment, initiated within three weeks of seroconversion, demonstrates moderate evidence for reducing maternal-fetal transmission and infant sequelae.
  • Treatment protocols vary by gestational age: spiramycin for infections before 14 weeks, and pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine with folinic acid for infections at or after 14 weeks.
  • Amniocentesis is recommended for prenatal diagnosis to guide management; PCR confirmation of fetal infection warrants early initiation or continuation of pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine therapy to mitigate neurological and ocular damage.

Implications:

  • The established French program highlights the success of integrated screening and treatment strategies in managing congenital toxoplasmosis.
  • Further research is needed to explore and validate novel approaches for the prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis.