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Related Concept Videos

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In concrete preparation, the quality of water is paramount as it affects the strength and durability of the concrete. Potable water is usually preferred; however, it must not have excessive sodium or potassium to prevent compromising the concrete's integrity. Water quality is typically evaluated based on impurities such as dissolved solids, chlorides, and sulfates, and its pH value is ideally between 6 and 8. Even slightly acidic natural water may be acceptable unless it contains harmful...
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Microorganisms play a pivotal role in maintaining ecosystem balance by recycling essential elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as supporting processes like bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and biofuel production.Microbes in Elemental CyclesIn the carbon cycle, microorganisms decompose organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide via aerobic respiration. This carbon dioxide is subsequently used by photosynthetic organisms to synthesize organic compounds, closing the...
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Laminar flow represents a smooth, orderly fluid motion where particles move along parallel paths, resulting in minimal mixing between layers. Streamlined particle paths characterize this flow regime and occur under conditions where viscous forces dominate over inertial forces. The distinction between laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow is primarily determined by the Reynolds number, a dimensionless quantity calculated as:
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Equality in river pollution control in China.

Ang Li1, Qiang Yuan2, Maryna Strokal3

  • 1Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, China.

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China

Keywords:
Chinese RiversEqualityGiniMARINA modelNutrient pollution

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Water Quality Management
  • Pollution Control

Background:

  • Water pollution poses a significant threat to China's major river systems.
  • Nutrient pollution from nitrogen and phosphorus is a key concern for eutrophication.
  • Existing pollution control strategies may not adequately address equitable distribution of environmental targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify environmental targets for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in China's Yangtze, Yellow, and Pearl rivers.
  • To develop an equitable allocation method for pollution control targets across river sub-basins.
  • To assess the feasibility of meeting nutrient reduction goals while ensuring fairness.

Main Methods:

  • Quantified environmental targets for N and P at river mouths.
  • Utilized the Indicator for Coastal Eutrophication Potential and the Model to Assess River Inputs of Nutrients to seAs (MARINA) for nutrient export projection.
  • Applied a Gini optimization approach to allocate environmental targets to sub-basins, minimizing inequality based on GDP, population, and land area.

Main Results:

  • Without pollution control, projected nutrient exports in 2050 will exceed allowable levels.
  • Achieving equitable nutrient targets requires 60-97% reductions in total dissolved N and P exports.
  • The Yellow River basin requires the most substantial pollution reductions; P reduction is feasible via point sources, but N requires both point and diffuse source management.

Conclusions:

  • Equitable pollution control necessitates significant nutrient load reductions across major Chinese river basins.
  • Addressing nitrogen pollution requires integrated strategies targeting both point and diffuse sources, including agricultural practices.
  • This study pioneers the integration of Gini optimization with the MARINA model for informed, equitable environmental policy-making.