Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 15, 2025

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection
06:05

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection

Published on: October 12, 2017

15.9K

Congenital Heart Defects in Patients with Classic Bladder Exstrophy: A Hitherto Neglected Association?

Martin Promm1, Stephan Gerling2, Carsten P Schepp3

  • 1Department of Pediatric Urology, Clinic St. Hedwig, University Medical Center of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.

European Journal of Pediatric Surgery : Official Journal of Austrian Association of Pediatric Surgery ... [Et Al] = Zeitschrift Fur Kinderchirurgie
|March 7, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are more common in bladder exstrophy (BE) patients than previously thought. Early echocardiography is recommended for safe patient care, even without observed clinical differences.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Cardiology
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Bladder exstrophy (BE) is typically considered an isolated defect.
  • Emerging evidence suggests a higher prevalence of cardiac anomalies in BE patients.
  • This study investigates the incidence and clinical significance of congenital heart defects (CHDs) in BE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of CHDs in patients with bladder exstrophy.
  • To assess the clinical relevance of CHDs in the peri- and postoperative management of BE patients.
  • To evaluate the utility of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study of 39 BE patients undergoing primary closure between March 2012 and January 2019.
  • Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) performed on 37 patients prior to surgery.
  • Assessment of demographic, perioperative, and postoperative data.

Main Results:

  • Congenital heart defects (CHDs) were detected in 7 out of 39 (18.9%) BE patients.
  • No significant clinical differences in peri- or postoperative outcomes were observed between patients with and without CHDs.
  • Median age at delayed primary bladder closure was 61 days.

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of CHDs in bladder exstrophy (BE) is higher than previously recognized.
  • While not impacting immediate outcomes in this cohort, TTE is crucial for comprehensive patient management.
  • Systematic echocardiographic screening is recommended for safe short- and long-term care of BE patients with CHDs.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models10:19

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models

Published on: August 9, 2012

19.6K
Surgical Model for Single-Staged Tissue-Engineered Urothelial Tubes in Minipigs04:05

Surgical Model for Single-Staged Tissue-Engineered Urothelial Tubes in Minipigs

Published on: July 5, 2024

500

Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
574
Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
2.2K
Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
762
Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
441
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
210
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
961