Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 15, 2025
A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study
Published on: November 6, 2015
The effect of four-corner fusion and proximal row carpectomy on uniplanar and multiplanar wrist motion: A
Stacy Fan1, Clare Padmore2, Assaf Kadar3,4
1Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Western Ontario, Roth|McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, ON, Canada.
Purpose:
To compare changes in wrist kinematics after scaphoidectomy and four-corner fusion (4CF), and proximal row carpectomy (PRC).
Methods:
Six cadaveric specimens underwent flexion-extension, radial-ulnar deviation and circumduction in an active motion wrist simulator. Native state, "anatomic 4CF", "radial 4CF", and PRC were compared.
Results:
Radial 4CF reduced wrist extension, while PRC reduced radial deviation. Fusion groups had similar motion profiles. 44%, 41%, and 32% of native circumduction was maintained in PRC, anatomic, and radial 4CF.
Conclusions:
Both fusion positions resulted in comparable motion outcomes. Anatomic 4CF was restricted in wrist extension compared to PRC but provided favourable radial deviation.
Related Concept Videos
01:09Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
01:15Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna