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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Transposons01:24

Transposons

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Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
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Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

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E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
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LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

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LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
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Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

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Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 15, 2025

RBDT: A Computerized Task System based in Transposition for the Continuous Analysis of Relational Behavior Dynamics in Humans
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Defining transposition: What have we learnt?

Max E Roderick1,2, Nikita Maria1,2, Adrian Crucean1,2

  • 1Department of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom.

Annals of Pediatric Cardiology
|March 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details an unusual variant of transposition, highlighting how recognizing rare cases refined the understanding of atrioventricular and ventriculo-arterial connections in transposition. This improves diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart defects.

Keywords:
Arterial relationshipsdiscordant ventriculo-arterial connectionsinfundibular morphologyposterior transpositionventriculo-arterial junctions

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Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Medical Morphology

Background:

  • Transposition is a complex congenital heart defect with debated variants.
  • Accurate classification is crucial for effective patient treatment and understanding cardiac development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe an unusual variant of transposition with normally related arterial roots but abnormal ventricular support.
  • To analyze the morphological basis of this variant using sequential segmental analysis.
  • To clarify the definition and classification of transposition and congenitally corrected transposition.

Main Methods:

  • Morphological analysis of a unique specimen of transposition.
  • Application of sequential segmental analysis principles.
  • Comparison with previously described standard examples of transposition.

Main Results:

  • An unusual variant of transposition was identified, featuring normally related arterial roots spiraling into the mediastinum, supported by inappropriate ventricles.
  • The study reinforces that the combination of atrioventricular and ventriculo-arterial connections defines transposition.
  • The limitations of "d" and "l" prefixes in distinguishing transposition from congenitally corrected transposition are highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • The recognition of rare variants significantly advanced the understanding of transposition.
  • Discordant ventriculo-arterial connections are the hallmark of transposition.
  • A specific rare variant is described as transposition (S, D, NR) using segmental notation.