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Correspondence Between Perceived Pubertal Development and Hormone Levels in 9-10 Year-Olds From the Adolescent Brain

Megan M Herting1,2, Kristina A Uban3,4, Marybel Robledo Gonzalez5,6

  • 1Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|March 8, 2021
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Summary

Sociodemographic factors like weight and income influence pubertal maturation in 9-10-year-olds. Hormones and perceived physical changes show complex, sometimes asynchronous, relationships during this developmental stage.

Keywords:
adolescent brain cognitive developmentdehydroepiandrosteroneestradiolpubertal development scalepubertysalivary hormonestestosterone

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Adolescent Health

Background:

  • Pubertal maturation involves complex biological and perceived changes.
  • Understanding individual variability in pubertal development is crucial for assessing health outcomes.
  • Sociodemographic factors may influence the timing and progression of puberty.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate individual differences in perceived physical features and hormone levels during pubertal maturation in 9-10-year-old children.
  • To examine the influence of sociodemographic characteristics on these pubertal markers.
  • To explore the interplay between hormonal and physical indicators of puberty.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cross-sectional data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (n=11,875).
  • Assessed perceived physical features using the Pubertal Development Scale (PDS) and salivary hormone levels (dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, estradiol).
  • Employed multi-level models and group factor analysis (GFA) to analyze relationships and identify latent variables of pubertal maturation.

Main Results:

  • Prepubertal scores were higher in males (70%) than females (31%).
  • Overweight/obesity and lower household income were associated with more advanced pubertal maturation scores.
  • GFA identified two latent factors: one driven by hormone levels and another by perceived physical maturation, revealing synchronous and asynchronous relationships.

Conclusions:

  • Sociodemographic measures are linked to both hormonal and self-reported physical markers of pubertal maturation in young adolescents.
  • Latent variables highlight a complex interplay between perceived physical changes and hormone levels during sexual maturation.
  • These findings provide a foundation for future research on brain maturation, substance use risk, and mental health outcomes.