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Related Concept Videos

C4 Pathway and CAM01:27

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Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
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Sugar (a simple carbohydrate) metabolism (chemical reactions) is a classic example of the many cellular processes that use and produce energy. Living things consume sugar as a major energy source because sugar molecules have considerable energy stored within their bonds. Consumed carbohydrates have their origins in photosynthesizing organisms like plants. During photosynthesis, plants use the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide gas into sugar molecules, like glucose. Because this...
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Related Experiment Video

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Multipronged Phenotyping Approaches to Characterize Sugarcane Root Systems
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Applying Molecular Phenotyping Tools to Explore Sugarcane Carbon Potential.

Maria Juliana Calderan-Rodrigues1, Luíza Lane de Barros Dantas1, Adriana Cheavegatti Gianotto2

  • 1Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|March 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Sugarcane breeding is evolving beyond high sucrose content. Molecular phenotyping and omics advances offer new strategies to enhance biomass and sucrose production for diverse applications.

Keywords:
biomasscarbonmolecular phenotypingsucrosesugarcane

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a vital C4 grass, crucial for biofuel, sugar, and bioproducts.
  • Current breeding focuses on high sucrose and stress resistance, but potential remains untapped.
  • Sugarcane yield is only 20% of its predicted potential, indicating room for improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how molecular phenotyping can guide sugarcane breeding programs.
  • To discuss strategies for optimizing carbon partitioning for metabolic engineering and green chemistry.
  • To review advances in genomics and omics for enhanced sugarcane yield and saccharification.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing molecular phenotyping tools to target competing sucrose and biomass pathways.
  • Applying advances in genetic markers, mapping, and functional genomics.
  • Leveraging omics technologies for accelerated plant breeding.

Main Results:

  • Molecular phenotyping offers a powerful approach to assist breeding programs.
  • Genetic and omics advances provide new avenues for improving sugarcane yield.
  • Strategies can be tailored based on desired end products (e.g., sucrose vs. biomass).

Conclusions:

  • A paradigm shift in sugarcane breeding is underway, focusing on carbon partitioning.
  • Molecular phenotyping and omics are key to unlocking sugarcane's full potential.
  • Future research will drive innovation in sustainable biomass and sucrose production.