Oral tissues regeneration using intraoral mesenchymal stem cells

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Regenerative Medicine
• Oral Biology

Background:

• Oral pathologies and treatments can lead to significant facial and functional alterations, necessitating tissue restoration.
• Tissue engineering, particularly using mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), offers a promising approach for regenerating lost oral tissues.
• Intraoral MSC are attractive for regenerative therapies due to their plasticity, proliferation, differentiation capabilities, and ease of acquisition.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current applications of intraoral mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in regenerating oral cavity tissues.

Main Methods:

• An extensive electronic literature search was conducted across major databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Scopus, EBSCO) from 2000 to 2018.
• A systematic review of 21 selected articles, including 13 in vivo and 8 human studies, was performed.

Main Results:

• The dental pulp was the most frequently utilized donor site for intraoral MSC.
• Intraoral MSC demonstrated efficacy in regenerating key oral structures, including the pulp-dentin complex, alveolar bone, and periodontium.

Conclusions:

• Intraoral MSC offer a highly accessible and less invasive source for regenerative therapies.
• These cells possess a significant potential for predictable regeneration of intraoral tissues compared to MSC from extraoral sites.