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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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Remodeling of Tumor Immune Microenvironment by Oncolytic Viruses

Bin Zhang1, Xilei Wang1, Ping Cheng1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Frontiers in Oncology
|March 8, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) offer dual antitumor action: direct cancer cell killing and immune system stimulation. Genetic engineering enhances OVs to remodel the tumor microenvironment for improved cancer immunotherapy.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging as promising cancer therapeutics.
  • OVs exhibit dual mechanisms: direct tumor cell lysis and induction of anti-tumor immunity.
  • Genetic modification of OVs can enhance their therapeutic potential by modulating the tumor immune microenvironment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of oncolytic viruses on the tumor immune microenvironment.
  • To explore the mechanisms by which OVs regulate host immunity against cancer.
  • To highlight the use of OVs as vectors for delivering immunomodulatory agents.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on oncolytic viruses and tumor immunology.
  • Analysis of mechanisms for OV-mediated immune system regulation.
  • Examination of OV applications as delivery vectors for cytokines and antibodies.

Main Results:

  • OVs effectively remodel the tumor immune microenvironment, shifting it towards an anti-tumor state.
  • OVs stimulate various immune cells, enhancing their ability to target and destroy cancer cells.
  • Engineered OVs show potential for delivering therapeutic payloads like cytokines and antibodies.

Conclusions:

  • Oncolytic viruses represent a versatile platform for cancer immunotherapy.
  • Modulating the tumor immune microenvironment is a key strategy for OV efficacy.
  • OVs can be engineered as effective vectors for targeted delivery of immunomodulatory agents in cancer treatment.
Keywords:
cytokinesimmune cellsimmune checkpointsoncolytic virustumor immune microenvironment

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