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Deltacoronavirus Evolution and Transmission: Current Scenario and Evolutionary Perspectives
Anastasia N Vlasova1, Scott P Kenney1, Kwonil Jung1
1Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States.
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
|March 8, 2021
Summary
Deltacoronavirus (DCoV) infects mammals and birds, spreading globally in pigs and appearing in wild birds. Research is needed on DCoV
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Zoonotic Diseases
- Comparative Pathology
Background:
- Deltacoronavirus (DCoV) infects diverse avian and mammalian species, first identified in Chinese pigs and birds (2009-2011).
- Porcine DCoV causes diarrheal disease outbreaks globally, while avian DCoV is found in wild birds without apparent disease.
- DCoV's broad host range and interaction with the aminopeptidase N (APN) receptor highlight its epidemiological significance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on the prevalence, genetic diversity, and pathogenicity of porcine and avian DCoVs.
- To analyze evidence for interspecies transmission of DCoVs and their evolutionary dynamics.
- To address unanswered questions regarding the origins and co-evolution of avian and porcine DCoVs.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of published studies on Deltacoronavirus.
- Analysis of prevalence data and genetic diversity in avian and porcine DCoV populations.
- Examination of experimental and epidemiological evidence for DCoV interspecies transmission.
Main Results:
- Deltacoronavirus exhibits significant genetic diversity across avian and porcine hosts.
- Porcine DCoV strains have demonstrated pathogenicity in poultry and cattle, suggesting broader host adaptability.
- Evidence suggests ongoing spillover events and potential co-evolution between avian and porcine DCoV lineages.
Conclusions:
- Deltacoronavirus poses a significant transboundary threat with a broad host range and potential for interspecies transmission.
- Further research is crucial to understand the evolutionary pathways and zoonotic potential of DCoV.
- Investigating the avian-porcine DCoV interface is key to managing disease emergence and spread.
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