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Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 14, 2025

Use of a Video Scoring Anchor for Rapid Serial Assessment of Social Communication in Toddlers

Use of a Video Scoring Anchor for Rapid Serial Assessment of Social Communication in Toddlers

Published on: March 14, 2018

Evidence-based use of scalable biomarkers to increase diagnostic efficiency and decrease the lifetime costs of

Thomas W Frazier¹, Daniel L Coury², Kristin Sohl³

¹Department of Psychology, John Carroll University, University Heights, Ohio, USA.

Autism Research : Official Journal of the International Society for Autism Research

|March 8, 2021

Summary

Implementing accurate biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can improve early identification and intervention. This leads to significant lifetime cost savings for individuals and society.

Keywords:

autism spectrum disorder biomarkers cost analysis early diagnosis evidence-based assessment

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Last Updated: Nov 14, 2025

Use of a Video Scoring Anchor for Rapid Serial Assessment of Social Communication in Toddlers

Use of a Video Scoring Anchor for Rapid Serial Assessment of Social Communication in Toddlers

Published on: March 14, 2018

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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Pediatrics
Health Economics

Background:

Current autism spectrum disorder (ASD) screening and diagnosis in the US lead to delays in early intervention.
Early intervention is most effective when initiated during a critical developmental window.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate how a second-order diagnostic measure can improve early ASD identification.
To analyze the cost-savings associated with improved early ASD diagnosis and intervention.

Main Methods:

Utilized two scalable biomarker examples: saliva tests and eye-tracking technology.
Performed a cost-savings analysis based on improved early identification and intervention initiation.

Main Results:

Early identification and intervention can lead to substantial lifetime societal cost savings, estimated at nearly $580,000 per child with ASD.
Annual societal cost savings in education, medical, and residential care exceed $37 billion in the US.
Medicaid savings alone are estimated at over $11.2 billion annually.

Conclusions:

Implementing accurate, scalable diagnostic biomarkers can significantly enhance early ASD identification.
Faster initiation of interventions and reduced unnecessary evaluations decrease the lifetime economic burden of ASD.
Improved early diagnosis and intervention yield significant financial benefits for the healthcare system and society.