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Published on: September 1, 2019
Role of the runt-related transcription factor (RUNX) family in prostate cancer
Hannah Ashe1, Patryk Krakowiak1, Sylwia Hasterok1
1Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Abstract:
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a very complex disease that is a major cause of death in men worldwide. Currently, PCa dependence on the androgen receptor (AR) has resulted in use of AR antagonists and antiandrogen therapies that reduce endogenous steroid hormone production. However, within two to three years of receiving first-line androgen deprivation therapy, the majority of patients diagnosed with PCa progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). There is an urgent need for therapies that are more durable than antagonism of the AR axis. Studies of runt-related transcription factors (RUNX) and their heterodimerization partner, core-binding factor subunit b (CBFβ), are revealing that the RUNX family are drivers of CRPC. In this review, we describe what is presently understood about RUNX members in PCa, including what regulates and is regulated by RUNX proteins, and the role of RUNX proteins in the tumor microenvironment and AR signaling. We discuss the implications for therapeutically targeting RUNX, the potential for RUNX as PCa biomarkers, and the current pressing questions in the field.
Insights
Runt-related transcription factors (RUNX) drive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) progression, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies beyond androgen receptor antagonism. Targeting RUNX proteins offers potential for more durable treatments and new biomarkers for prostate cancer.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer-related death in men globally.
- Current treatments targeting the androgen receptor (AR) axis are often limited by the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) within 2-3 years.
- There is a critical need for more effective and durable therapies for advanced PCa.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of runt-related transcription factors (RUNX) in prostate cancer.
- To explore the role of RUNX proteins in PCa progression, AR signaling, and the tumor microenvironment.
- To discuss the therapeutic and biomarker potential of RUNX proteins in CRPC.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies investigating RUNX family members in prostate cancer.
- Analysis of the regulatory networks and downstream targets of RUNX proteins.
- Examination of the role of RUNX in the context of the tumor microenvironment and androgen receptor signaling.
Main Results:
- RUNX family members are increasingly recognized as key drivers of CRPC.
- RUNX proteins influence AR signaling and are implicated in the tumor microenvironment.
- Understanding RUNX regulation and targets is crucial for deciphering CRPC pathogenesis.
Conclusions:
- RUNX proteins represent promising therapeutic targets for overcoming castration resistance in prostate cancer.
- RUNX family members hold potential as biomarkers for predicting PCa progression and treatment response.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex roles of RUNX in PCa and to develop targeted therapies.
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