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Congenital malformations potentially affecting respiratory function: multidisciplinary approach and follow-up

Valentina Fainardi1, Laura Nicoletti2, Cristiano Conte2

  • 1. valentina.fainardi@gmail.com.

Acta Bio-Medica : Atenei Parmensis
|March 8, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Children with congenital malformations affecting lung development, like oesophageal atresia (OA), face significant respiratory risks. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary care are crucial for managing these conditions and improving outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Congenital Malformations
  • Respiratory Health

Background:

  • Congenital malformations including oesophageal atresia (OA), tracheoesophageal fistula (TOF), congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAMs), congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), and vascular rings (VRs) can impede lung development and respiratory function.
  • These conditions require specialized management due to potential short- and long-term respiratory complications, particularly in early childhood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a multidisciplinary approach to the respiratory follow-up of children diagnosed with congenital malformations affecting lung development.
  • To highlight the respiratory challenges and management strategies in this patient population.

Main Methods:

  • An observational study was conducted, collecting clinical data from pediatric patients treated between January 2015 and January 2020.
  • Twenty-three patients with congenital malformations impacting lung development were identified and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Nearly half of the patients were diagnosed prenatally via fetal ultrasound.
  • Over half of the children experienced hospitalizations for lower respiratory tract infections.
  • Pulmonary function tests revealed abnormalities in 6 out of 9 assessable children, with oesophageal atresia (OA) being most frequently associated with respiratory issues.

Conclusions:

  • Children with congenital malformations affecting lung development are susceptible to respiratory complications, necessitating vigilant monitoring.
  • A multidisciplinary approach and personalized follow-up are essential for optimal management and improved respiratory outcomes in affected children.
Abstract

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