Congenital malformations potentially affecting respiratory function: multidisciplinary approach and follow-up

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Pulmonology
• Congenital Malformations
• Respiratory Health

Background:

• Congenital malformations including oesophageal atresia (OA), tracheoesophageal fistula (TOF), congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAMs), congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), and vascular rings (VRs) can impede lung development and respiratory function.
• These conditions require specialized management due to potential short- and long-term respiratory complications, particularly in early childhood.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe a multidisciplinary approach to the respiratory follow-up of children diagnosed with congenital malformations affecting lung development.
• To highlight the respiratory challenges and management strategies in this patient population.

Main Methods:

• An observational study was conducted, collecting clinical data from pediatric patients treated between January 2015 and January 2020.
• Twenty-three patients with congenital malformations impacting lung development were identified and analyzed.

Main Results:

• Nearly half of the patients were diagnosed prenatally via fetal ultrasound.
• Over half of the children experienced hospitalizations for lower respiratory tract infections.
• Pulmonary function tests revealed abnormalities in 6 out of 9 assessable children, with oesophageal atresia (OA) being most frequently associated with respiratory issues.

Conclusions:

• Children with congenital malformations affecting lung development are susceptible to respiratory complications, necessitating vigilant monitoring.
• A multidisciplinary approach and personalized follow-up are essential for optimal management and improved respiratory outcomes in affected children.