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Related Concept Videos

Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
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When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
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Updated: Nov 14, 2025

Using a Knee Arthrometer to Evaluate Tissue-specific Contributions to Knee Flexion Contracture in the Rat
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Deformations associated with arthrogryposis.

Judith G Hall1

  • 1University of British Columbia and Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, USA.

American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A
|March 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reduced fetal movement can lead to abnormal development and secondary structural damage in multiple organs and organ systems. This highlights the critical role of fetal activity in healthy human development.

Keywords:
Pena Shokeir phenotypearthrogryposiscraniofacial deformationfetal akinesia deformation sequenceoligohydramnios

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Human embryology
  • Teratology

Background:

  • Fetal movement is a critical indicator of normal embryonic and fetal development.
  • Lack of fetal activity can disrupt the intricate processes of organogenesis and system formation.
  • Understanding the consequences of absent fetal movement is crucial for developmental health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the developmental consequences of absent fetal movement.
  • To identify the secondary and tertiary effects on organ systems due to lack of fetal activity.
  • To characterize the resulting deformations and structural damage.

Main Methods:

  • Observational analysis of developmental pathways.
  • Comparative study of fetuses with and without normal movement.
  • Review of existing literature on fetal development and movement disorders.

Main Results:

  • Absence of fetal movement results in secondary and tertiary effects across multiple organ systems.
  • These effects manifest primarily as deformations.
  • Significant secondary structural damage occurs in affected organs and systems.

Conclusions:

  • Fetal movement is indispensable for normal human development.
  • Disruption of fetal movement leads to abnormal development with structural abnormalities.
  • The study underscores the importance of monitoring fetal activity for healthy development.