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Related Concept Videos

Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

12.6K
One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
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Transfer RNA Synthesis02:35

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tRNA Activation02:26

tRNA Activation

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Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...
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tRNA Activation02:26

tRNA Activation

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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA...
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RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

9.4K
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 14, 2025

An In Vitro Assay to Detect tRNA-Isopentenyl Transferase Activity
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An In Vitro Assay to Detect tRNA-Isopentenyl Transferase Activity

Published on: October 8, 2018

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RNA modifications as a common denominator between tRNA and mRNA.

Ofri Levi1, Yoav S Arava2

  • 1Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.

Current Genetics
|March 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

RNA modifications coordinate gene expression. Common modifications on transfer RNA (tRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) link tRNA processes with mRNA regulation, suggesting a novel cellular communication mechanism.

Keywords:
InosinePseudouridineRNA binding proteinsRNA modificationsTranslationm5Cm6AmRNAtRNA

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2D-HELS MS Seq: A General LC-MS-Based Method for Direct and de novo Sequencing of RNA Mixtures with Different Nucleotide Modifications
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Transfer RNA (tRNA) modifications are well-established regulators of gene expression.
  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) modifications are emerging as critical players in gene regulation.
  • Some RNA modifications are found on both tRNA and mRNA, hinting at shared regulatory roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the functional significance of RNA modifications common to both tRNA and mRNA.
  • To explore proteins that interact with these shared RNA modifications.
  • To highlight recent findings on how these modifications link tRNA processes and mRNA regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on RNA modifications.
  • Analysis of known proteins interacting with common tRNA and mRNA modifications.
  • Synthesis of current research identifying functional roles of these modifications.

Main Results:

  • Identified key RNA modifications present in both tRNA and mRNA.
  • Described proteins that recognize and bind to these common modifications.
  • Summarized evidence linking these modifications to coordinated gene expression and cellular processes.

Conclusions:

  • Shared RNA modifications provide a direct link between tRNA function and mRNA regulation.
  • These common features suggest a novel mechanism for intercellular communication and process coordination.
  • Advancements in technology are expected to reveal more shared RNA features and their interactors.