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Related Concept Videos

Fluid Pressure01:14

Fluid Pressure

927
In mechanical engineering, fluid pressure plays a critical role in designing systems that utilize liquid flow, such as hydraulic systems, pumps, and valves. When designing these systems, engineers must ensure they can withstand the forces created by fluid pressure to avoid damage or failure.
According to Pascal's law, a fluid at rest will generate equal pressure in all directions. This pressure is measured as a force per unit area, and its magnitude depends on the fluid's specific...
927
Measurement of Fluid Pressure01:16

Measurement of Fluid Pressure

400
Fluid pressure is commonly measured using devices called manometers, which rely on liquid columns to indicate pressure differences. The height of a liquid column in a manometer reflects the pressure exerted by the fluid, providing a simple yet effective means of measurement. Different types of manometers serve specific purposes based on their configurations and the type of fluids involved.
A basic form of manometer is the piezometer, a vertical tube open at the top and filled with the same...
400
Pressure of Fluids01:14

Pressure of Fluids

18.5K
There are many examples of pressure in fluids in everyday life, such as in relation to blood (high or low blood pressure) and in relation to weather (high- and low-pressure weather systems). A given force can have a significantly different effect, depending on the area over which the force is exerted. For instance, a force applied to an area of 1 mm2 has a pressure that is 100 times greater than the same force applied to an area of 1 cm2. That's why a sharp needle is able to poke through...
18.5K
Application of Pascal's Law01:03

Application of Pascal's Law

9.8K
Pascal's experimentally proven observations—that a change in pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid and to the walls of its container—provide the foundations for hydraulics, one of the most important developments in modern mechanical technology.
Hydraulic systems are used to operate automotive brakes, hydraulic jacks, and numerous other mechanical systems. We can derive a relationship between the forces in a simple hydraulic system...
9.8K
Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest01:11

Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest

554
In a fluid at rest, the pressure at any point beneath the fluid surface depends solely on the depth, not on the container's shape or size. This principle, known as hydrostatic pressure, arises because, in stationary fluids, there is no acceleration, meaning the forces within the fluid balance out. Only vertical forces, caused by the weight of the fluid above, contribute to pressure changes with depth.
When measuring pressure at two different levels within the fluid, the difference in...
554
Fluid Pressure over Flat Plate of Variable Width01:02

Fluid Pressure over Flat Plate of Variable Width

1.9K
When a flat plate is submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts pressure on the plate. This pressure can lead to many different phenomena, including drag and buoyancy. To understand the behavior of the fluid over a flat plate of variable width, it is essential to analyze the distribution of the pressure exerted.
The pressure distribution on the plate can be calculated by determining the force that acts on a differential area strip of the plate. Thus, the magnitude of the force is equal to the...
1.9K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 14, 2025

Three-dimensional Printing of Thermoplastic Materials to Create Automated Syringe Pumps with Feedback Control for Microfluidic Applications
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An Arduino-based constant pressure fluid pump.

Theodore Lupinski1, Markus Ludwig2, Seth Fraden2

  • 1Physics Department, Wabash College, Crawfordsville, IN, USA.

The European Physical Journal. E, Soft Matter
|March 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a low-cost constant pressure pump for microfluidic systems. The design stabilizes fluid pressure and flow rate, making it ideal for research labs on a budget.

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Area of Science:

  • Engineering
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Constant pressure pumps are crucial for microfluidic systems, especially when fluid viscosity or channel dimensions change.
  • Existing commercial pumps are expensive, limiting their accessibility for many laboratories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and build an affordable constant pressure pump for microfluidic applications.
  • To demonstrate its capability in stabilizing fluid pressure and flow rate.

Main Methods:

  • The pump utilizes an Arduino microcontroller, electronic components, an air pump, and a water bottle to create and maintain a pressure differential.
  • Construction is designed to be feasible for advanced undergraduate students.
  • The system was tested for pressure stability and maximum flow rate.

Main Results:

  • The developed pump can maintain a constant pressure up to 14 psig (97 kPa-gauge).
  • It achieves a maximum flow rate of 65 µL/s for water.
  • The cost of building the pump is under US$100, significantly less than commercial alternatives exceeding US$5000.

Conclusions:

  • This low-cost constant pressure pump is a viable and accessible solution for microfluidic research.
  • It offers comparable performance to expensive commercial systems, making advanced fluidic control attainable for institutions with limited budgets.