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Recent Progress in Bile Acid-Based Antimicrobials

Caihong Lin1,2,3, Yushi Wang2,3, Mengqi Le2,3

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.

Bioconjugate Chemistry
|March 8, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Bile acids are explored as stable, biocompatible antimicrobial agents to combat drug-resistant microbes and biofilms. This review details various bile acid-based antimicrobial designs and their mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Rising threat of drug-resistant bacteria and microbial biofilms to global health.
  • Limitations of natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) including instability and high cost.
  • Bile acids offer stability, biocompatibility, and amphiphilic properties for antimicrobial applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in bile acid-based antimicrobial agents.
  • To categorize different designs of bile acid-derived antimicrobials.
  • To discuss the interaction mechanisms of these novel antimicrobials.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on bile acid-based antimicrobial synthesis and characterization.
  • Categorization of unimolecular, oligomeric, and macromolecular bile acid antimicrobials.
  • Analysis of structure-activity relationships and proposed mechanisms of action.

Main Results:

  • Introduction of unimolecular antimicrobials via coupling amine, quaternary ammonium, and amino acid units to bile acid skeletons.
  • Summary of oligomeric antimicrobials, including bile acid dimers.
  • Discussion of macromolecular antimicrobials with charged moieties and their interaction mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Bile acid-based compounds represent a promising class of antimicrobials.
  • Diverse structural modifications allow for tailored antimicrobial properties.
  • Further research into bile acid antimicrobials could address challenges posed by resistant infections.

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