Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

4.5K
The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
4.5K
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

3.3K
The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
3.3K
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

3.5K
Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
3.5K
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

5.3K
Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
5.3K
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

3.0K
Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
3.0K
Paracrine Signaling01:21

Paracrine Signaling

57.7K
Paracrine signaling allows cells to communicate with their immediate neighbors via secretion of signaling molecules. Such a signal can only trigger a response in nearby target cells because the signal molecules degrade quickly or are inactivated if not taken up. Prominent examples of paracrine signaling include nitric oxide signaling in blood vessels, synaptic signaling of neurons, the blood clotting system, tissue repair/wound healing, and local allergic skin reactions. Nitric oxide as a...
57.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Meta-analysis of DNA methylation aging signatures in 17 human tissues.

Nature aging·2026
Same author

Stress unmasks impaired endocrine coordination of glucose metabolism in dystrophin deficiency.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Progressive Myopenia and Functional Decline in the Winnie Mouse Model of Chronic Colitis.

Muscles (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Correction: Alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: targeting the interplay between inflammation, renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, and nervous system for the novel treatment of heart failure.

Frontiers in pharmacology·2026
Same author

Alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: targeting the interplay between inflammation, renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, and nervous system for the novel treatment of heart failure.

Frontiers in pharmacology·2026
Same author

Exercise & Sports Science Australia Position Statement on exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: 2025 update.

Journal of science and medicine in sport·2026
Same journal

Metabolite-driven remodeling of hepatic lipid metabolism by the plasticizer di-isononyl phthalate.

Molecular metabolism·2026
Same journal

Chronic Choline Restriction Remodels Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Drives Insulin Resistance through a CD36-ETNPPL Regulatory Axis.

Molecular metabolism·2026
Same journal

Chronic semaglutide alters ingestive behavior without impairing taste function in mice.

Molecular metabolism·2026
Same journal

RNASET2 degrades mRNAs that protect against lipotoxicity.

Molecular metabolism·2026
Same journal

Corrigendum to "Beta-hydroxybutyrate counteracts the deleterious effects of a saturated high-fat diet on synaptic AMPAR receptors and cognitive performance" [Mol Metabol (2025) 102207].

Molecular metabolism·2026
Same journal

Heterogeneous expression patterns of the T2D-associated kinesin-4 KIF21A in pancreatic islet endocrine cells.

Molecular metabolism·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 14, 2025

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation
08:43

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Published on: May 31, 2016

19.9K

Osteocalcin and vascular function: is there a cross-talk?

Alexander Tacey1, Alan Hayes1, Anthony Zulli2

  • 1Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia.

Molecular Metabolism
|March 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) may benefit metabolic diseases. While human studies on ucOC and vascular function are inconsistent, animal and cell models show no adverse effects, suggesting potential therapeutic use without vascular risks.

Keywords:
AtherosclerosisBone-vascular crosstalkEndothelial functionUndercarboxylated osteocalcin

More Related Videos

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells
06:47

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells

Published on: May 4, 2018

9.6K
A Fluorescent Intravital Imaging Approach to Study Load-Induced Calcium Signaling Dynamics in Mouse Osteocytes
05:03

A Fluorescent Intravital Imaging Approach to Study Load-Induced Calcium Signaling Dynamics in Mouse Osteocytes

Published on: February 24, 2023

856

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 14, 2025

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation
08:43

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Published on: May 31, 2016

19.9K
Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells
06:47

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells

Published on: May 4, 2018

9.6K
A Fluorescent Intravital Imaging Approach to Study Load-Induced Calcium Signaling Dynamics in Mouse Osteocytes
05:03

A Fluorescent Intravital Imaging Approach to Study Load-Induced Calcium Signaling Dynamics in Mouse Osteocytes

Published on: February 24, 2023

856

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Cardiovascular Health

Background:

  • Osteocalcin (OC), a bone-derived protein, particularly its undercarboxylated form (ucOC), shows promise for metabolic disease therapy.
  • Existing research on the link between ucOC and cardiovascular disease (CVD) development presents conflicting findings.
  • Vascular dysfunction, a precursor to atherosclerosis and CVD, is a key area of investigation regarding OC's role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on the interaction between osteocalcin (OC) and vascular dysfunction.
  • To clarify the relationship between OC and the initiation of atherosclerosis and CVD.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of human studies reporting associations between total OC (tOC) and ucOC with vascular function.
  • Review of animal model studies involving direct administration of ucOC to blood vessels.
  • Examination of in vitro studies using human endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells treated with ucOC under metabolic stress conditions.

Main Results:

  • Human studies show inconsistent associations between OC (tOC and ucOC) and vascular function.
  • Animal studies demonstrated minimal to no adverse effects of ucOC on endothelial function.
  • In vitro studies found ucOC did not negatively impact cellular markers of vascular function under high glucose and inflammatory conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The conflicting human data may stem from methodological inconsistencies, especially regarding ucOC measurements.
  • ucOC shows no detrimental effects in ex vivo and in vitro models, suggesting it could be a safe therapeutic target for metabolic diseases.
  • Further research is required to confirm these findings and explore potential direct beneficial effects of ucOC on the vasculature.