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Time for acquiring a new gene by duplication.

T Ohta1

  • 1National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
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Gene duplication via unequal crossing-over is crucial for evolution. This study models the time required for new gene acquisition, finding it depends on crossing-over and mutation rates, taking at least 4N generations.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary genetics
  • Population genetics
  • Molecular evolution

Background:

  • Gene families are common in eukaryotic genomes, indicating the significance of gene duplication in evolutionary processes.
  • Unequal crossing-over is a key mechanism driving gene duplication and the expansion of gene families.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the time required for acquiring a new gene with a novel function using a population genetic model.
  • To analyze the influence of unequal crossing-over, mutation, genetic drift, and natural selection on new gene acquisition.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of a population genetic model incorporating unequal crossing-over.
  • Utilizing approximate analytical methods and computer simulations to study the model.
  • Considering factors such as natural selection favoring beneficial genes, random genetic drift, mutation, and unequal crossing-over.

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Main Results:

  • The time to acquire a new gene is contingent upon the rates of unequal crossing-over and mutation.
  • Under realistic parameter values, acquiring a new gene requires at least several times 4N generations (N=effective population size).
  • Interchromosomal unequal crossing-over is more efficient than intrachromosomal crossing-over for new gene acquisition, despite a larger genetic load.

Conclusions:

  • Unequal crossing-over and mutation rates are critical determinants of the evolutionary timescale for new gene formation.
  • Sexual reproduction may be advantageous due to the efficiency of interchromosomal crossing-over in facilitating gene duplication.
  • The study provides insights into the population genetic dynamics underlying the evolution of gene families.