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Investigation of variable factors in drilling bone
Journal of Oral Surgery (American Dental Association : 1965)
|December 1, 1977
Summary
Drilling bone generates significant vertical forces, with spear point and twist drills showing lower pressures than burs. Operator variability greatly influences bone drilling pressures.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Surgical Instrumentation
Background:
- Bone preparation is a critical step in orthopedic procedures.
- Understanding forces during bone drilling is essential for optimizing surgical techniques and implant stability.
- Drill bit design and operating parameters significantly impact the bone-cutting process.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify the vertical forces exerted during bone drilling.
- To compare pressures exerted by different drill types and speeds.
- To assess the influence of operator variability on drilling forces.
Main Methods:
- Twenty operators performed standardized bone drilling tasks using six different drill types (spear point, twist, round, fissure burs) at high and low speeds.
- Vertical forces (peak and mean) were measured in Newtons during bone preparation.
- Drilling times were also recorded for comparison.
Main Results:
- Peak vertical forces ranged from 5.98 to 24.32 N (mean 12.45 N).
- Mean vertical forces ranged from 4.22 to 18.93 N (mean 9.16 N).
- Spear point and twist drills exhibited lower operating pressures and shorter times compared to round and fissure burs, but these differences were smaller than operator-induced variations.
Conclusions:
- Drill bit type influences bone preparation forces, with simpler designs being less forceful.
- Operator-dependent variations in force application are substantial and can overshadow differences between drill types.
- Further research should focus on standardizing operator technique to minimize variability and optimize bone drilling parameters.