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Impact of postoperative complications after cardiac surgery on long-term survival

Siddharth Pahwa, Annalisa Bernabei1, Hartzell Schaff1

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

Journal of Cardiac Surgery
|March 9, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Postoperative complications after cardiac surgery, such as stroke, renal failure, and pneumonia, significantly reduce long-term survival. The risk increases with the number of complications experienced by patients.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Surgical Outcomes Research
  • Patient Survival Analysis

Background:

  • The long-term impact of postoperative complications following cardiac surgery requires further characterization.
  • Understanding these impacts is crucial for improving patient outcomes beyond the immediate postoperative period.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of postoperative complications after cardiac surgery.
  • To investigate the association between these complications and long-term patient survival.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 26,221 operative survivors undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), valve surgery, or combined procedures between 1993 and 2019 was analyzed.
  • Postoperative complications and long-term survival data were reviewed.
  • Propensity-match analysis and Cox-proportional models were used to assess the impact of complications on survival.

Main Results:

  • Complications occurred in 66.6% of survivors, with blood product use and atrial fibrillation being most common.
  • Stroke, renal failure, and pneumonia demonstrated the strongest negative impact on long-term survival.
  • An increased number of postoperative complications correlated with decreased long-term survival.

Conclusions:

  • Postoperative complications following cardiac surgery have a significant and lasting effect on patient outcomes.
  • Stroke, renal failure, and pneumonia are identified as key complications associated with diminished long-term survival.
Abstract

Keywords:
long-term survivalpostoperative complications

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