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A Novel Digital Platform for a Monitored Home-based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program
Published on: April 19, 2019
Cardiac rehabilitation in patients with diabetes
Nelson A Campos1, Galo A Palacios2
1Department of Medical Sciences, Technical University of Manabí, Ecuador - nelsoncampos2780@gmail.com.
Insights
Cardiac rehabilitation significantly benefits diabetic patients by improving glycemic control and preventing cardiovascular complications. All reviewed studies confirm its favorable impact on heart health in individuals with diabetes.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Diseases
Background:
- Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder causing chronic hyperglycemia, impacting carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism due to insulin defects.
- Cardiovascular complications are the primary cause of mortality in diabetic patients, exacerbated by risk factors like dyslipidemia, obesity, and hyperglycemia.
- These factors promote atherosclerotic changes, significantly increasing the risk of acute cardiovascular events.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review existing literature on the role of cardiac rehabilitation in diabetes management.
- To identify studies focusing on cardiovascular prevention and complications in diabetic populations.
- To assess the evidence supporting cardiac rehabilitation's efficacy in diabetic patients.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature review was conducted using multiple published bibliographic databases.
- Twenty-nine studies were systematically reviewed to gather data on diabetes, cardiovascular prevention, and cardiac complications.
- Studies were categorized based on their focus: diabetes management (20.6%), cardiovascular risk (51.7%), and cardiovascular complications (27.7%).
Main Results:
- 100% of the reviewed studies demonstrated a favorable contribution of cardiac rehabilitation in diabetic patients.
- Fifteen studies (51.7%) specifically evaluated cardiovascular risks in diabetic patients.
- Eight studies (27.7%) assessed cardiovascular complications in this population.
Conclusions:
- Cardiac rehabilitation is a crucial component in managing heart disease in diabetic patients.
- Therapeutic strategies involve pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments to reduce cardiovascular risk, though adherence remains a challenge.
- Physical exercise, alongside glycemic and nutritional management, is essential for diabetes control and cardiovascular complication prevention.
Abstract:
Cardiac rehabilitation is very important since diabetes is the set of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, with alterations in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins as a consequence of defects in the secretion and action of insulin. When diabetes is related to cardiovascular complications, they are the main cause of death due to risk factors such as dyslipidemia, obesity and hyperglycemia, thus causing atherosclerotic changes in the vascular bed, increasing the risk of a fulminant event. The prevention of heart disease in diabetics includes preventive methods of heart disease along with that of diabetes, such as glycemic control, proper nutrition, continuing therapeutic education, physical activity, and antilipid medications, along with pharmacological measures including vasodilators, beta-blockers and antiplatelet agents, etc. We conducted a review of the literature to identify studies on diabetes, cardiovascular prevention, and cardiac complications in diabetic patients. We carry out multiple investigations in published bibliographic databases. A total of twenty-nine studies have been reviewed for this review in which 100% evidenced the favorable contribution of cardiac rehabilitation in diabetic patients. Six studies evaluated the different current contents in diabetes equivalent to 20.6%, fifteen (studies evaluated the cardiovascular risks in diabetic patients equivalent to 51.7% and eight evaluated the cardiovascular complications that occur in diabetic patients equivalent to 27.7%%. Therapeutic management of heart disease in diabetic patients is aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk, through pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. However, the weakest point of the treatment is the lack of adherence to the treatments. Physical exercise is an essential element, together with hypoglycemic and nutritional treatment in diabetes mellitus (DM), due to its usefulness in the control of diabetes and prevention of cardiovascular complications.
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