Gray-scale ultrasound findings of hypoxic-ischemic injury in term infants
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Updated: Nov 14, 2025
The Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Model of Perinatal Ischemia
Published on: November 19, 2008
1Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. hwangm@email.chop.edu.
Brain ultrasound has become a critical tool for bedside screening and monitoring of hypoxic-ischemic injury in infants. Transfontanellar ultrasound in infants allows delineation of anatomical structures of the brain and posterior fossa. The technique's low cost, lack of ionizing radiation and repeatability make it a popular alternative to magnetic resonance imaging. The published literature on interpreting hypoxic-ischemic injury on brain ultrasound is wide and varied, yet diagnostic challenges remain when detecting subtle or diffuse changes. This pictorial essay summarizes and illustrates the spectrum of sonographic findings of hypoxic-ischemic injuries in term infants.
Brain ultrasound has become a critical tool for bedside screening and monitoring of hypoxic-ischemic injury in infants. Transfontanellar ultrasound in infants allows delineation of anatomical structures of the brain and posterior fossa. The technique's low cost, lack of ionizing radiation and repeatability make it a popular alternative to magnetic resonance imaging. The published literature on interpreting hypoxic-ischemic injury on brain ultrasound is wide and varied, yet diagnostic challenges remain when detecting subtle or diffuse changes. This pictorial essay summarizes and illustrates the spectrum of sonographic findings of hypoxic-ischemic injuries in term infants.
