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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Hearing01:31

Hearing

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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A Geriatrician's Guide to Hearing Loss.

Anna M Jilla1, Nicholas S Reed1,2,3, Esther S Oh1,4

  • 1Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
|March 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Hearing loss is common in older adults, often overlooked as a normal part of aging. Addressing hearing care accessibility is crucial for communication, patient engagement, and autonomy in geriatric care.

Keywords:
geriatricshealth communicationhearing assistive technologyhearing lossolder adults

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Audiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hearing loss affects two out of three adults aged 70 and older.
  • It is often perceived as a benign consequence of aging, leading to unmet communication needs.
  • Routine clinical care in geriatric settings should integrate hearing loss management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology and epidemiology of age-related hearing loss.
  • To identify barriers to hearing care access for older adults.
  • To propose actionable strategies for improving hearing care accessibility and communication.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on hearing loss pathophysiology and epidemiology.
  • Analysis of statutory and legislative barriers to hearing care access.
  • Development of practical strategies for geriatric care settings.

Main Results:

  • Hearing loss is highly prevalent in older adults, impacting communication and autonomy.
  • Statutory barriers hinder access to timely and affordable hearing care.
  • Current legislative efforts aim to improve accessibility.

Conclusions:

  • Simple interventions can enhance hearing care accessibility for older adults.
  • Improved access optimizes communication, patient engagement, and decision-making autonomy.
  • Integrating hearing health into routine geriatric care is essential.