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This study introduces a novel photonic crystal fiber biosensor using phase-change material for tunable, label-free detection of biomolecules. The sensor achieves high sensitivity and selectivity by altering the material

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Area of Science:

Photonics and Biosensing
Materials Science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Label-free biosensing requires high selectivity and sensitivity for biomolecule detection.
Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) offer a versatile platform for optical sensing applications.
Phase-change materials provide tunable optical properties for advanced sensor design.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and numerically demonstrate a reconfigurable biosensor based on a phase-change chalcogenide material (Ge2Sb2Te5) integrated with a D-shaped PCF.
To achieve tunable and enhanced refractive index (RI) sensing at near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths.
To explore the potential for selective detection of various biomolecules.

Main Methods:

Integration of a hybrid sensing layer (Au/Ge2Sb2Te5) with a D-shaped PCF.
Utilizing the phase transition of Ge2Sb2Te5 (amorphous to crystalline) to tune sensor properties.
Numerical simulation to analyze RI sensing performance and figure of merit (FOM).

Main Results:

Demonstrated tunable RI sensing with a large FOM in the range of 1.35–1.40.
Achieved high bulk RI sensitivity: 17,600 nm/RIU (crystalline phase) and 8,000 nm/RIU (amorphous phase).
Observed a large tunable differential response suitable for detecting diverse analytes like proteins, cells, glucose, and nucleic acids.

Conclusions:

The Ge2Sb2Te5-based PCF sensor offers a promising platform for reconfigurable, label-free biosensing.
The tunable spectral sensitivity enables enhanced selectivity and sensitivity for a wide range of biomolecules.
Future applications include AI-based assays for differential detection of biomolecules based on molecular weight.