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Related Concept Videos

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Seizures: Classification

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
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Brain Waves01:23

Brain Waves

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Brain waves are electrical signals generated by the neurons in the brain, which are regularly monitored to measure mental activities. Brain waves and their frequency ranges can be measured using an electroencephalogram or EEG. There are four main types of brain waves, each with distinct characteristics:
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EEG Observations in Probable Sporadic CJD.

Ravindranadh Chowdary Mundlamurri1, Rutul Shah1, M Sharath Adiga1

  • 1Department of Neurology, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology
|March 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Electroencephalography (EEG) aids in diagnosing sporadic Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease (sCJD), a fatal prion disease. While specific EEG patterns like periodic sharp wave complexes are common, early stages may show normal or nonspecific changes.

Keywords:
CJDEEGelectroencephalographyprion diseasesporadic CJD

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Sporadic Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease (sCJD) is a fatal neurodegenerative prion disease.
  • Protein misfolding from PrPC to PrPSC underlies sCJD pathogenesis.
  • Electroencephalography (EEG) is a key diagnostic tool for sCJD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively describe electroencephalography (EEG) changes in probable sporadic CJD (sCJD) patients.
  • To evaluate the utility of EEG in diagnosing sCJD in a South Indian cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational study of probable sCJD patients (2013-2020).
  • Review of demographic, clinical, and imaging data.
  • Independent review and analysis of Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings by two epileptologists.

Main Results:

  • Fifty patients with probable sCJD were included; 96% had characteristic MRI findings.
  • EEG revealed abnormalities in 88% of patients; specific periodic sharp wave complexes (PSWC) were present in 66%.
  • PSWC were predominantly asymmetric (90%) and right-hemisphere dominant (57.6%); sensitivity for probable sCJD diagnosis was 68.75% with positive MRI.

Conclusions:

  • EEG is a cost-effective and sensitive diagnostic aid for sCJD.
  • However, EEG may be normal or show nonspecific findings in early disease stages.