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Protons bonded to heteroatoms such as nitrogen and oxygen exhibit a range of chemical shift values. This is due to the varying degree of hydrogen bonding between the proton and the heteroatom in other molecules. The extent of hydrogen bonding affects the electron density around the proton, thereby giving different chemical shift values for the protons in the proton NMR spectrum.
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Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 14, 2025

Measuring Dissolved Methane in Aquatic Ecosystems Using An Optical Spectroscopy Gas Analyzer
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Methanol from TES global observations: retrieval algorithm and seasonal and spatial variability.

K E Cady-Pereira1, M W Shephard2, D B Millet3

  • 1Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts, USA.

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
|March 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) now provides global methanol (CH3OH) distribution data. TES observations reveal discrepancies with chemical transport models, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere and South America.

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Remote Sensing
  • Climate Science

Background:

  • Methanol (CH3OH) is a significant volatile organic compound in the troposphere.
  • Understanding its distribution is crucial for atmospheric chemistry and air quality.
  • Previous measurements lacked sufficient global coverage and vertical resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) methanol retrieval algorithm.
  • To present initial global methanol distribution data from TES.
  • To compare TES methanol data with GEOS-Chem model simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the TES methanol retrieval algorithm, including microwindow selection and error analysis.
  • Utilizing GEOS-Chem model data for a priori and initial guess information.
  • Global application of the TES retrieval algorithm and comparison with GEOS-Chem output.

Main Results:

  • TES provides valuable information on lower tropospheric methanol, with peak sensitivity between 900-700 hPa.
  • The limit of detectability for methanol is between 0.5-1.0 ppbv RVMR.
  • TES data show higher methanol concentrations than GEOS-Chem in the Northern Hemisphere (spring, summer, fall) and highlight model biases in South America.

Conclusions:

  • The TES methanol retrieval algorithm is robust and provides crucial data for understanding atmospheric methanol.
  • Significant discrepancies exist between TES observations and GEOS-Chem simulations, indicating areas for model improvement.
  • TES data offer valuable insights into the seasonal and spatial variability of methanol in the lower troposphere.