Thrombosis Management and Challenges in COVID-19 Patients Presenting with Acute Coronary Syndromes

Rasha Kaddoura1, Amar M Salam2,3

  • 1Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery,Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.

Insights

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increases risks of blood clots and heart issues. This review covers COVID-19

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Increasing recognition of thrombotic complications in COVID-19 patients.
  • Association between COVID-19 infection, coagulopathy, and myocardial injury.
  • Cardiovascular system is particularly affected by COVID-19 related thrombosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review thrombotic complications in COVID-19 patients.
  • To focus on management challenges in acute coronary disease.
  • To synthesize available evidence from published literature.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published studies.
  • Analysis of evidence regarding COVID-19, coagulopathy, and cardiovascular events.
  • Focus on management strategies for acute coronary syndromes in COVID-19.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 is linked to heightened coagulopathy.
  • Myocardial injury is a significant complication in COVID-19 patients.
  • Management of acute coronary disease in COVID-19 presents unique challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Thrombotic events are a serious concern in COVID-19.
  • Coagulopathy and myocardial injury require careful management.
  • Further research is needed to optimize treatment strategies for acute coronary disease in COVID-19 patients.

Related Concept Videos

Acute Coronary Syndrome IV: Interprofessional Care01:28

Acute Coronary Syndrome IV: Interprofessional Care

IntroductionThe management of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) aims to minimize myocardial damage, preserve myocardial function, and prevent complications.Initial ManagementInpatient management involves continuous cardiac monitoring, preferably in an ICU, focusing on blood pressure, serum sodium, potassium, and creatinine levels, and urine output. Ongoing pharmacologic management is crucial for stabilizing the patient.Supplemental Oxygen: Administer supplemental oxygen if oxygen saturation is...
89
Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care01:29

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care

Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
103
Acute Coronary Syndrome V: Nursing Management01:26

Acute Coronary Syndrome V: Nursing Management

Nursing Assessment:Nursing management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) involves taking the patient's history, focusing on primary complaints such as chest pain, dyspnea, and excessive sweating (diaphoresis), as well as other symptoms like back or jaw pain, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, dizziness, and fatigue. The nurse also reviews the patient's history of cardiac events, risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, family history, and current medications.In the objective assessment,...
115
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
122
Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
271
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
108