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Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

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RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
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Transcription Initiation01:47

Transcription Initiation

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Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

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Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
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Updated: Nov 14, 2025

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
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Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

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Efficient RNA polymerase II pause release requires U2 snRNP function.

Livia Caizzi1, Sara Monteiro-Martins1, Björn Schwalb1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.

Molecular Cell
|March 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Efficient RNA splicing requires the spliceosome component U2 snRNP to facilitate RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription. Disrupting U2 snRNP function impairs Pol II release from pausing, hindering gene expression.

Keywords:
RNA polymerase IISF3BU2 AMOU2 snRNPco-transcriptional pre-mRNA splicingpladienolide Bspliceostatin Asplicingtranscriptiontranscription elongation

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Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins
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Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins
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Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Expression
  • RNA Processing

Background:

  • Transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is coupled to pre-mRNA splicing.
  • The precise mechanisms linking co-transcriptional splicing to Pol II transcription remain unclear.
  • The role of spliceosome assembly on nascent pre-mRNA in influencing Pol II activity is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional relationship between spliceosome assembly and Pol II transcription.
  • To determine how inhibiting spliceosome function affects nascent RNA synthesis and Pol II dynamics.
  • To elucidate the feedback mechanisms between mRNA splicing and transcription machinery.

Main Methods:

  • Inhibition of U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNP) function in human cells.
  • Multiomics analysis to assess changes in RNA synthesis and Pol II behavior.
  • Analysis of Pol II pausing, P-TEFb recruitment, and elongation velocity.

Main Results:

  • Inhibition of U2 snRNP function significantly decreased new RNA synthesis across human genes.
  • U2 snRNP inhibition prolonged Pol II pausing in promoter-proximal regions.
  • Impaired recruitment of the pause release factor P-TEFb and reduced Pol II elongation velocity were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Functional spliceosome formation, specifically involving U2 snRNP, is essential for efficient release of paused Pol II.
  • Eukaryotic mRNA biogenesis depends on positive feedback from the splicing machinery to the transcription machinery.
  • This study reveals a critical link between splicing and transcription regulation.