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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 14, 2025

Kinematics and Ground Reaction Force Determination: A Demonstration Quantifying Locomotor Abilities of Young Adult, Middle-aged, and Geriatric Rats
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Vertical Ground Reaction Force Estimation From Benchmark Nonstationary Kinematic Data.

Daniel J Davis1, John H Challis1

  • 1The Pennsylvania State University.

Journal of Applied Biomechanics
|March 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new signal-section filtering method improves estimates of vertical ground reaction forces by adapting filter cutoff frequencies to signal energy content, especially for nonstationary biomechanical data.

Keywords:
filteringnonstationary signalssignal processing

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Kinematic data differentiation amplifies noise, commonly managed with a uniform Butterworth filter cutoff frequency.
  • Nonstationary biomechanical signals, like those with impacts, may require adaptive filtering for accurate analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a novel signal-section filtering approach for improving kinematic signal second derivative estimation.
  • To assess the effectiveness of this method in estimating vertical ground reaction forces during running.

Main Methods:

  • Signals were divided into sections based on energy content.
  • Butterworth filtering was applied with section-specific cutoff frequencies.
  • The approach was tested on nonstationary kinematic signals and running vertical ground reaction forces.

Main Results:

  • The signal-section filtering approach enhanced second derivative estimates in nonstationary signals.
  • It preserved high-frequency content around heel strike during running force estimation.
  • This method yielded superior vertical ground reaction force estimates compared to uniform filtering.

Conclusions:

  • The signal-section filtering approach offers improved accuracy for estimating vertical ground reaction forces.
  • This method is particularly beneficial for processing impact-containing biomechanical data requiring precise second derivative estimation.