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Design and numerical analysis of a high-performance optical modulator based on Si-VO2 Bragg grating waveguide.

Sohrab Mohammadi Pouyan, Mehdi Miri, Mohammad Hossein Sheikhi

    Applied Optics
    |March 10, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study presents a high-performance vanadium dioxide (VO2) optical modulator. The device achieves excellent extinction ratio and low insertion loss across the C-band, demonstrating potential for advanced photonic applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and optical engineering
    • Materials science for optoelectronics
    • Nanoscale device fabrication

    Background:

    • Optical modulators are crucial components in high-speed communication systems.
    • Vanadium dioxide (VO2) exhibits a temperature-dependent phase transition with significant changes in optical and electrical properties.
    • Existing optical modulators face challenges in achieving high extinction ratios and low insertion losses simultaneously.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and numerically characterize a high-performance optical modulator based on VO2.
    • To leverage the phase transition of VO2 in a Bragg grating for efficient optical modulation.
    • To optimize the device for high extinction ratio (ER) and low insertion loss (IL) across the optical C-band.

    Main Methods:

    • Numerical simulation and design of a VO2-based optical modulator integrated with a silicon strip waveguide.
    • Formation of a Bragg grating using selective VO2 deposition.
    • Analysis of the interplay between Bragg reflection and VO2 material loss for ER enhancement.
    • Investigation of refractive index similarity between silicon and insulator-phase VO2 for IL reduction.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved an ER of 34.5 dB and IL of 3.4 dB at 1.55 µm.
    • Maintained ER above 33 dB and IL below 3.5 dB across the optical C-band.
    • Demonstrated potential for ER up to 110 dB with a trade-off in IL.
    • Estimated low energy consumption (91.7 fJ/bit) and high modulation speed (14 THz).
    • Evaluated device robustness against fabrication errors through parameter variation simulations.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed VO2-based optical modulator offers a promising solution for high-performance photonic applications.
    • The design effectively balances high ER and low IL by utilizing VO2 phase transition and Bragg reflection.
    • The device exhibits potential for ultra-low energy consumption and ultra-high speed modulation.
    • The modulator demonstrates robustness, making it suitable for practical fabrication and deployment.