Shared microbiological and immunological patterns in periodontitis and IBD: A scoping review

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Immunology
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• Periodontitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are chronic inflammatory conditions.
• Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between oral health and gut health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and synthesize microbiological and immunological evidence connecting periodontitis and IBD.
• To identify shared dysbiotic and immunological patterns between periodontitis and IBD.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science up to October 2020.
• Inclusion of 15 studies involving 1,171 patients.
• Categorization of evidence into oral microbial alterations in IBD, intestinal dysbiosis in periodontitis, and shared immunological patterns.

Main Results:

• Patients with IBD exhibit consistent alterations in oral microbiome composition.
• Gut dysbiosis in IBD patients can be influenced by oral pathobionts.
• Periodontitis is associated with reduced gut microbiome diversity and shared inflammatory cytokine profiles with IBD.

Conclusions:

• Periodontitis and IBD share common dysbiotic and immunological characteristics.
• Further preclinical and longitudinal studies are necessary to elucidate causal relationships.