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Suicides in Nunavik: a life course study.

William Affleck1,2, Nadia Chawky1, Guy Beauchamp2

  • 1Department of Psychology and Psycho-education, Institut Universitaire En Santé Mentale Douglas, Montreal, Canada.

International Journal of Circumpolar Health
|March 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Life course study in Nunavik reveals substance misuse and relational difficulties are linked to suicide deaths. Bullying is associated with suicide attempts and ideation, suggesting targeted interventions for prevention.

Keywords:
Inuitburden of adversitylife coursesuicide

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Mental Health Research

Background:

  • Suicidality is a significant public health concern in Indigenous communities.
  • Understanding the cumulative burden of life adversities is crucial for effective prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate life course adversities and their cumulative burden among Inuit in Nunavik.
  • To differentiate these factors across groups defined by suicide death, suicide attempts, and suicidal ideation without attempts.

Main Methods:

  • A life course study was conducted with Inuit participants in Nunavik.
  • Data collection involved collaboration between health authorities, front-line health workers, and the research team.
  • Analysis focused on identifying associations between specific adversities and suicidal behaviors.

Main Results:

  • Substance misuse and relational difficulties were strongly associated with the burden of adversity in individuals who died by suicide.
  • Bullying emerged as a significant adversity associated with suicide attempts and suicidal ideation without attempts.
  • Parent-child relations, substance misuse, and bullying were identified as key factors.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting parent-child relations, substance misuse, and bullying may be effective upstream strategies for suicide prevention in Nunavik.
  • Interventions should consider the specific patterns of adversity associated with different suicidal behaviors.
  • Community-based collaborative approaches are vital for research and intervention in Indigenous mental health.