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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 14, 2025

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
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The complex relationship between estrogen and migraines: a scoping review.

Nihaal Reddy1, Miraj N Desai1, Anna Schoenbrunner2

  • 1The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.

Systematic Reviews
|March 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Estrogen plays a key role in migraine pathogenesis, particularly linked to hormonal fluctuations and withdrawal. Understanding these estrogen effects is crucial for migraine treatment, especially in women.

Keywords:
EstrogenFemale migrainesHeadacheHormonally mediated migrainesHormonesMenstrual-related migrainesMigraineMigraine decompressionMigraine surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Migraines affect millions globally, with higher prevalence in females, suggesting hormonal influence.
  • Estrogen is frequently implicated in migraine pathophysiology, but its precise role remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review on the role of estrogen in migraine pathogenesis.
  • To synthesize current literature on estrogen's impact on migraine physiology.

Main Methods:

  • A scoping review of 202 identified studies was performed.
  • 19 studies were included after screening by two independent reviewers based on predefined criteria.

Main Results:

  • The estrogen withdrawal hypothesis is the most discussed theory, linking migraine onset to estrogen drops below 45-50 pg/mL.
  • Migraine sufferers exhibit increased sensitivity to estradiol fluctuations, with strong associations noted during menstruation.

Conclusions:

  • Estrogen is likely pivotal in migraine pathogenesis, with effects varying by patient history, age, and hormonal therapy.
  • Further research is needed to clarify estrogen's specific impact across diverse patient populations, such as comparing menstruating and postmenopausal women.