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Nutrition and Atopic Dermatitis.

Naoko Kanda1, Toshihiko Hoashi2, Hidehisa Saeki2

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Oral nutrient supplementation, including vitamins D and A, fatty acids, probiotics, and zinc, may help manage atopic dermatitis (AD) by enhancing immune regulation and skin barrier function.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition linked to Th2-shifted immunity and impaired skin barrier.
  • Low serum levels of vitamin D, essential fatty acids, and zinc are observed in AD patients.
  • Gut dysbiosis and compromised intestinal barrier function may contribute to AD pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the therapeutic potential of oral nutrient supplementation in managing atopic dermatitis.
  • To elucidate the immunomodulatory and skin barrier-enhancing mechanisms of key nutrients in AD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating the effects of vitamin D, vitamin A, gamma-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, probiotics, and zinc in AD.
  • Analysis of the molecular pathways involved in nutrient-mediated regulation of immune responses and skin barrier function.

Main Results:

  • Vitamin D and zinc enhance regulatory T (Treg) cell function and filaggrin expression.
  • Vitamin A supports Treg cells and inhibits inflammatory mediator release.
  • Omega-3 fatty acids and probiotics reduce inflammation and improve skin barrier integrity.
  • Specific probiotics like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria enhance intestinal barrier function and Treg induction.

Conclusions:

  • Oral supplementation with vitamins D and A, specific fatty acids, probiotics, and zinc shows promise for managing AD.
  • These nutrients modulate immune responses, strengthen the skin barrier, and may offer therapeutic or preventive benefits for AD.