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Area of Science:

  • Developmental psychology
  • Sociology of the family
  • Child behavior studies

Background:

  • Family complexity is increasingly prevalent and multidimensional.
  • Its association with child behavior may be changing over time.
  • Recent cohorts show increased family complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the prevalence of family complexity and its link to children's externalizing behaviors.
  • To analyze these associations across children's life course and historical time.
  • To investigate changes in the family complexity-behavior association between cohorts.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the 1997 and 2014 Panel Study of Income Dynamics Child Development Supplement cohorts.
  • Analyzed U.S. children aged 0-12 years born since 1985 (N=5,030).
  • Employed ordinary least squares regression and difference-in-difference models to assess associations and changes over time.

Main Results:

  • Family complexity prevalence remained stable over the past two decades.
  • Contrary to expectations, increasing family complexity did not correlate with elevated behavior problem scores.
  • Children exhibiting behavior problems were more likely to experience parental union dissolution or acquire step/half-siblings prior to these family structure changes.

Conclusions:

  • Prevalence and precursors of complex family organization were consistent across recent child cohorts.
  • The link between family complexity and child behavior problems may stem from selection processes.
  • Selection mechanisms involve parental family formation trajectories and children's pre-existing behaviors, not family change itself.