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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

3.7K
The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Meiosis vs. Mitosis02:57

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

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Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
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Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Nondisjunction01:21

Nondisjunction

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Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold...
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Assessing Teratogenic Changes in a Zebrafish Model of Fetal Alcohol Exposure
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Teratogenic Genesis in Fetal Malformations.

Roohi Afshan Kaleelullah1, Neha Garugula2

  • 1Dentistry, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.

Cureus
|March 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Congenital anomalies arise from genetic or environmental factors, with teratogens posing significant risks. Early detection and intervention are crucial for mitigating lifelong health issues and family impact.

Keywords:
birth defectscongenital disordersfetal syndromesin-utero complicationsnon-geneticprecautionspregnancy risk factorsprenatal risksteratogenic fetal abnormalitiesteratology

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Teratology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Congenital anomalies originate from genetic or environmental factors during embryonic development.
  • Advanced technologies detect chromosomal abnormalities, but non-genetic variants remain largely unknown.
  • Teratogenic factors present significant risks to fetal development, often undetected until birth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the origins and impacts of congenital anomalies.
  • To highlight the risks associated with teratogenic factors.
  • To discuss the consequences of undetected fetal malformations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of congenital anomalies and teratogenic factors.
  • Analysis of genetic and environmental influences on fetal development.
  • Examination of diagnostic challenges and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Teratogenic factors can lead to undetected fetal abnormalities, resulting in postnatal illness, disability, and mortality.
  • These anomalies impose significant financial and emotional burdens on families.
  • While some teratogenic anomalies are manageable, medical interventions carry inherent risks.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental teratogen exposure can cause long-lasting effects, including infertility, growth restriction, structural defects, and neurological abnormalities.
  • Congenital anomalies necessitate comprehensive understanding and management strategies.
  • Addressing teratogenic risks is vital for improving fetal and infant outcomes.