Oligomeric complexes formed by Redβ single strand annealing protein in its different DNA bound states

Redβ is a single strand annealing protein from bacteriophage λ that binds loosely to ssDNA, not at all to pre-formed dsDNA, but tightly to a duplex intermediate of annealing. As viewed by electron microscopy, Redβ forms oligomeric rings on ssDNA substrate, and helical filaments on the annealed duplex intermediate. However, it is not clear if these are the functional forms of the protein in vivo. We have used size-exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle light scattering, analytical ultracentrifugation and native mass spectrometry (nMS) to characterize the size of the oligomers formed by Redβ in its different DNA-bound states. The nMS data, which resolve species with the highest resolution, reveal that Redβ forms an oligomer of 12 subunits in the absence of DNA, complexes ranging from 4 to 14 subunits on 38-mer ssDNA, and a much more distinct and stable complex of 11 subunits on 38-mer annealed duplex. We also measure the concentration of Redβ in cells active for recombination and find it to range from 7 to 27 μM. Collectively, these data provide new insights into the dynamic nature of the complex on ssDNA, and the more stable and defined complex on annealed duplex.