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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

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Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
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Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management01:23

Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management

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During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Veins of Upper Limbs01:17

Veins of Upper Limbs

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The human circulatory system, a marvel of biological engineering, is a complex network of vessels that transport blood throughout the body. Among these, the veins responsible for carrying blood from the upper limbs are divided into two categories: deep and superficial.
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Traumatic Peripheral Nerve Injury in Mice
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Peripheral Nerve Injuries in the Upper Extremity.

Jared Bookman, Jacques Hacquebord

    Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Disease (2013)
    |March 11, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    Major peripheral nerve injuries significantly impair function, with only half of patients regaining useful recovery. Recent advancements in imaging, repair techniques, and reconstructive surgery offer improved treatment strategies for these challenging injuries.

    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedics
    • Neurosurgery
    • Regenerative Medicine

    Background:

    • Major peripheral nerve injuries present significant clinical challenges, often resulting in suboptimal functional recovery for patients.
    • Despite advancements, achieving useful function in approximately 50% of patients remains a persistent issue in peripheral nerve repair.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present current management principles for major upper extremity peripheral nerve injuries.
    • To outline expected outcomes and highlight recent advancements in the treatment of these injuries.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current literature on peripheral nerve injury management.
    • Synthesis of information on imaging techniques, nerve physiology, and surgical repair options.
    • Discussion of secondary reconstructive techniques, including tendon and nerve transfers.

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    Main Results:

    • Improved understanding of nerve recovery physiology aids treatment.
    • Advanced imaging and surgical techniques enhance repair and grafting.
    • Secondary reconstructive procedures offer further functional restoration.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective management of major upper extremity peripheral nerve injuries requires a comprehensive approach.
    • Ongoing advancements in surgical techniques and understanding of nerve regeneration promise better patient outcomes.
    • Integrated strategies combining primary repair with secondary reconstruction are crucial for maximizing functional recovery.