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Oncolytic Viruses and Hematological Malignancies: A New Class of Immunotherapy Drugs

Vanessa Innao1, Vincenzo Rizzo2, Andrea Gaetano Allegra1

  • 1Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", Division of Hematology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.

Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.)
|March 11, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) offer promising cancer treatments by targeting tumor cells and modulating the immune system. Research is exploring their efficacy in hematological cancers like leukemia and myeloma.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have been investigated for cancer treatment for over a century.
  • Early hypotheses focused on direct tumor cell lysis by OVs.
  • Current understanding reveals OVs employ multiple mechanisms beyond direct cell killing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and evaluate the literature on oncolytic virus applications in hematological malignancies.
  • To assess the potential of OVs in treating multiple myeloma, acute/chronic myeloid leukemia, and lymphoproliferative diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of existing studies on oncolytic viruses in hematological cancers.
  • Evaluation of viral tropism, replication, and immune-modulating effects within the tumor microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • Oncolytic viruses (OVs) demonstrate multifaceted anti-cancer actions, including tumor microenvironment modification and immune effector modulation.
  • OVs can transform the tumor milieu into an anti-cancer environment.
  • Evidence suggests OVs' potential in treating various hematological neoplastic diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a promising therapeutic strategy for hematological cancers.
  • Further research is crucial to identify optimal OV types and combinations for specific hematological diseases.
  • Investigating OV combinations that elicit robust immune responses is essential for maximizing therapeutic benefits.
Keywords:
acute myeloid leukaemiahematological diseaseimmune responselymphoproliferative disordermultiple myelomaoncolytic virus

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