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FUS-dependent liquid-liquid phase separation is important for DNA repair initiation.

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The RNA-binding protein FUS and its liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) are crucial for initiating the DNA damage response (DDR). FUS-LLPS is essential for recruiting repair proteins and forming proper DNA repair complexes at damage sites.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Molecular genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play key roles in the DNA damage response (DDR).
  • The RBP FUS is involved in RNA metabolism and DNA repair.
  • FUS undergoes reversible liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in vitro.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of FUS-dependent LLPS in the initiation of the DDR.
  • To determine if FUS-LLPS is necessary for recruiting DDR factors to DNA damage sites.

Main Methods:

  • Laser microirradiation in FUS-knockout cells.
  • Assessment of DDR factor recruitment (KU80, NBS1, 53BP1, SFPQ).
  • Use of LLPS inhibitors and LLPS-deficient FUS variants.
  • Analysis of γH2AX foci formation and arrangement using superresolution microscopy.

Main Results:

  • FUS is required for the recruitment of DDR factors (KU80, NBS1, 53BP1, SFPQ) to DNA damage sites.
  • Impaired recruitment and γH2AX foci formation were observed with LLPS inhibitors or LLPS-deficient FUS.
  • Absence of FUS disrupts the higher-order clustering of γH2AX nanofoci.

Conclusions:

  • FUS-dependent LLPS is essential for the early activation of the DDR.
  • LLPS is critical for the proper assembly of double-strand break (DSB) repair complexes.
  • FUS-mediated LLPS is a key mechanism in orchestrating the cellular response to DNA damage.